Proteins carrying iron-sulfur clusters are essential for the basic metabolism of all organisms. Eukaryotic iron-sulfur cluster assembly includes direct mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) co-assembly pathway and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly (CIA) pathway that uses active sulfur as substrate, these pathways containing protein complex (composed of cysteine desulfurase, a scaffold protein, auxiliary ISD11 protein, acyl carrier protein, frataxin, and ferredoxin), the related genes (including NFS1, ISD11, ACP1, ISCU2, FXN, FDX2, FDXR) and proteins of cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1), novel diflavin oxidoreductase 1 (NDOR1), nucleotide binding protein 2 (NUBP2), nucleotide binding protein 1 (NUBP1), iron-only hydrogenase-like protein 1 (IOP1), and Cytosolic iron-Sulfur assembly component 1 (CIAO1)
